THE LITERATI OF NEW YORK CITY. — NO. V.
SOME HONEST OPINIONS AT RANDOM RESPECTING THEIR AUTORIAL MERITS, WITH OCCASIONAL WORDS OF PERSONALITY.
Mrs. Frances Sargent Osgood, for the last two or three years, has been rapidly attaining distinction — and this, evidently, with no effort at attaining it. She seems, in fact, to have no object in view beyond that of giving voice to the feelings or to the fancies of the moment. "Necessity," says the proverb, "is the mother of Invention ; " and the invention of Mrs. O., at least, springs plainly from necessity — from the necessity of invention. Not to write poetry — not to think it, dream it, act it, and be it, is entirely out of her power.
It may be questioned whether, with more method, more industry, more definite purpose, more ambition, Mrs. Osgood would have made a more decided impression on the public mind. She might, upon the whole, have written better poems, but the chances are that she would have failed in conveying so vivid and so just an idea of her powers as poet. The warm abandonnement of her style — that charm which now so captivates — is but a portion and a consequence of her unworldly nature, of her disregard of mere fame; but it affords us glimpses (which we could not otherwise have obtained) of a capacity for accomplishing what she has not accomplished and in all probability never will. But in the world of poetry there is already more than enough of this uncongenial ambition and presence.
Mrs. Osgood has taken no care whatever of her literary fame. A great number of her finest compositions, both in verse and prose, have been written anonymously, and are now lying perdus about the country in out-of-the-way nooks and corners. Many a goodly reputation has been reared upon a far more unstable basis than her unclaimed and uncollected "fugitive pieces."
Her first volume, I believe, was published
six or seven years ago, by Edward Churton, of London, during the poet's
residence in that city. I have now lying before me a second
edition
of it, dated 1842 — a most beautifully printed book, dedicated to the
Reverend
Hobart Caunter. It contains a number of what the Bostonians call
"juvenile" poems, written when Mrs. O. (then Miss Locke) could
not
have been more than thirteen, and evincing a very unusual
precocity.
The leading piece is "Elfrida, a Dramatic Poem," but in many respects
well
entitled to the appellation "Drama." I allude chiefly to the passionate
expression
The story is the well-known one of Edgar, Elfrida and Earl Athelwood. The king, hearing of Elfrida's extraordinary beauty, commissions his favorite, Athelwood, to visit her and ascertain if report speaks truly of her charms. The earl, becoming himself enamored, represents the lady as anything but beautiful and agreeable, and the king is satisfied. Athelwood soon afterwards woos and weds Elfrida, giving her wealth as his reason to Edgar. The true state of the case, however, is betrayed by an enemy, and the monarch resolves to visit the earl at his castle and so judge for himself. Hearing of this resolve, Athelwood, in despair, confesses his duplicity to his wife, and entreats her to render null as far as possible the effect of her charms by dressing with unusual plainness. This the wife promises to do, but, fired with ambition and resentment at the wrong done her, arrays herself in her most magnificent and becoming costume. The king is captivated, and the result (a somewhat immoral one, although in keeping with the ordinary idea of poetical justice) is the destruction of Athelwood and the elevation of Elfrida to the throne.
These incidents are especially well adapted to dramatic purposes, and with more of that art which Mrs. Osgood does not possess, she might have woven them into a tragedy which the world would not have willingly let die. As it is, she has merely succeeded in showing what she might, should, and could have done, but unhappily did not. The character of Elfrida is the bright point of the play. Her beauty and consciousness of it, her indignation and uncompromising ambition, are depicted with power.
The English collection of which I speak was
entitled "A Wreath of Wild Flowers from New England." It met with a really
cordial
reception in Great Britain — was favorably noticed by the "Literary
Gazette,"
"Times," "Monthly Chronicle," "Atlas," and especially by the "Court
Journal,"
the "Court and Ladies' Magazine," "La Belle Assemblée,"
and
other similar works circulating very extensively among the
aristocracy.
Mr. Osgood's merits as an artist had already introduced
As the "Wreath of Wild Flowers" has had
comparatively
little circulation in this country, I may be pardoned for making one or
two other extracts. "The Dying Rosebud's Lament," although
by no means one of the best poems included, will very well serve to
show
the earlier and more characteristic manner of the poetess.
| "Ah me ! — ah, woe is me !
That I should perish now, With the dear sunlight just let in Upon my balmy brow ! "My leaves, instinct with glowing life,
"Nerved by a hope, warm, rich, intense,
"My pouting lips, by Zephyr pressed,
"In new-born fancies reveling,
"How oft, while yet an infant flower,
"And pressing up and peeping through
"I saw the sweet breeze rippling o'er
"I thought how happy I should be
"Ah me ! — ah, woe is me, that
I,
|
Every true poet must here appreciate the exceeding delicacy of
expression,
the richness of fancy, the nice appositeness of the overt and
insinuated
meaning. The passages I have italicized have seldom, in their
peculiar
and very graceful way, been equaled — never surpassed.
I cannot speak of the poems of Mrs. Osgood
without a strong propensity to ring the changes upon the indefinite
word
"grace" and its derivatives. It seems, indeed, the one
key-phrase
unlocking the cryptograph of her power — of the effect she
produces.
And yet the effect is scarcely more a secret than the key. Grace,
perhaps,
may be most satisfactorily defined as a term applied, in despair, to
that
class of the impressions of beauty which admit neither of analysis nor
of comprehension. It is this irresoluble charm — in grace — that
Mrs. Osgood excels any poetess of her country — or, indeed, of any
country
under the sun. Nor is she more graceful herself than appreciative of
the
graceful, under whatever guise it is presented to her
consideration.
The sentiment, the perception, and the keenest enjoyment of grace,
render
themselves manifest in innumerable instances, as well throughout her
prose
as her poetry. A fine example is to be found in "A Letter to an
Absent
Friend, on seeing Celeste for the first time in the
Wept-of-Wish-ton-Wish,"
included in the "Wild Flowers from New England." Celeste has been often
described — the effect of her dancing, I mean — but assuredly never has
she been brought so fully to the eye of the mind as in the verses which
follow: —
| "She comes — the spirit of the dance !
And but for those large, eloquent eyes, Where passion speaks in every glance, She'd seem a wanderer from the skies. "So light that, gazing breathless there,
"Or that the melody's sweet flow
"Now gliding slow with dreamy grace,
"And now with flashing eyes she springs —
"She spoke not — but, so richly fraught
|
Messrs. Clark & Austin, of New
York,
have lately issued another, but still a very imperfect, collection of
"Poems,
by Frances S. Osgood." In general, it embraces by no means the
best
of her works, although some of her best ("The Spirit of Poetry," for
example),
are included. "The Daughter of Herodias," one of her longest
compositions,
a very noble poem — quite as good as anything written by Mrs. Hemans —
is omitted. The
Of this latter quality, in its better phase
— that is to say, existing apart from the allegory — I must be
permitted
to give two exquisite specimens: —
|
Wrought with so rare and so subtle a skill, Bright relics that tell of the pomp of those palaces Venice, the sea-goddess, glories in still ! "Whose exquisite texture, transparent and
tender,
"So when Love poured through thy pure heart
his lightning,
—— "TO SARAH. "Oh, they never can know that heart of
thine,
"Smile on, then, undimmed in your beauty and
grace !
|
"Lenore," independently of its mere
epigrammatism,
well exemplifies the poet's usual turn of thought, her exactitude and
facility
at illustration. The versification (except in the first quatrain, which
puts me in mind of Moore), is defective. The first two lines of
the
third are even rough. The rhythm is dactylic, but the dactyls are all
false
— e. g.:
| "So when Love | poured through thy | pure
heart his |
lightning,
On thy pale | cheek the soft | rose-hues a | woke." |
Here the necessarily long syllables, love,
through, heart, pale, soft, and hues, should be short,
and the
rhythm halts because they are not so. "To Sarah" is the better
poem
in every respect; — the compliment in the two last lines is exquisitely
pointed. Both these pieces appeared originally
What is really new in this volume shows a marked change in the themes, in the manner, in the whole character of the poetess. We see less of vivacity, less of fancy; more of tenderness, earnestness, even passion, and of the true imagination as distinguished from its subordinate fancy: the one prevalent and predominating trait, grace, alone distinctly remains. In illustration of these points I feel tempted to copy some seven or eight of the later poems, but the deep interest of my subject has already led me too far, and I am by no means writing a review. I must refer, however, to two brief songs as best exemplifying what I have said. They were quoted, about five months ago, in a notice of the works of the poetess — a notice by myself, published in this magazine; — the one commences, "She loves him yet," the other, "Yes, lower to the level." These pieces serve also to show the marked improvement of the writer in versification. The first-named is not only rhythmically perfect, but evinces much originality in its structure; the last, although in rhythm not so novel, is more forcible, better balanced, and more thoroughly sustained — in these respects I have seldom seen anything so good. In terse energy of expression this poem is unsurpassed.
My extracts are already extended to a
greater
length than I had designed or than comports with the plan of these
papers,
yet I cannot forbear making another. Its music, simplicity and
genuine
earnestness, will find their way to the hearts of all who read it.
|
"Yes, take them first, my Father; let my doves
|
Mrs. Osgood has done far more in prose than in poetry, but then her prose is merely poetry in disguise. Of pure prose, of prose proper, she has, perhaps, never written a line in her life. Her usual magazine articles are a class by themselves. She begins with a desperate effort at being sedate — that is to say, sufficiently prosaic and matter-of-fact for the purpose of a legend or an essay, but in a few sentences we behold uprising the leaven of the unrighteousness of the muse; then, after some flourishes and futile attempts at repression, a scrap of verse renders itself manifest; then another and another; — then comes a poem outright, and then another and another and another, with little odd batches of prose in between, until at length the mask is thrown fairly off and far away, and the whole article — sings.
I shall say nothing farther, then, of Mrs. Osgood's prose.
Her character is daguerreotyped in her
works
— reading the one we know the other. She is ardent, sensitive,
impulsive
; the very soul of truth and honor; a worshipper of the
beautiful,
with a heart so radically artless as to seem abundant in art —
universally
respected, admired and beloved. In person she is about the medium
height, slender even to fragility, graceful whether in action or repose
; complexion usually pale; hair very black and glossy; eyes of a
clear, luminous gray, large, and with a singular capacity of
expression.
In no respect can she be termed beautiful, (as the world understands
the
epithet,) but the question, "Is it really possible that she is not so
?"
is very frequently asked, and most frequently by those who
most
intimately know her. Her husband is still occupied with his
profession.
They have two children — the Ellen and May of the poem.
——
Mrs. Child has acquired a just
celebrity
by many compositions of high merit, the most noticeable of which are
"Hobomok,"
"Philothea," and a "History of the Condition of Women." "Philothea," in
especial, is written with great vigor, and, as a classical romance, is
not far inferior to the "Anacharsis" of Barthelemi; — its style is a
model
for purity, chastity and ease. Some of her magazine papers are
distinguished
for graceful and brilliant imagination — a quality rarely
noticed
in our countrywomen. She continues to write a great deal for the
monthlies and other journals, and invariably writes well. Poetry
she has not often attempted, but I make no doubt that in this she would
excel. It seems, indeed, the legitimate province of her fervid
and
fanciful nature. I quote one of her shorter compositions, as well
to instance (from the subject) her intense appreciation of genius in
others
as to exemplify the force of her poetic expression: —
| "MARIUS AMID THE RUINS OF CARTHAGE.
"Pillars are fallen at thy feet,
"No change comes o'er thy noble brow,
"It cannot bend thy lofty soul
"And genius hath electric power
"The dreams we loved in early life
"And proud hopes in the human heart
"Yet there is something will not die
|
Mrs. Child, casually observed, has nothing
particularly striking in her personal appearance. One would pass
her in the street a dozen times without notice. She is low in
stature
and slightly framed. Her complexion is florid; eyes and hair are dark;
features in general diminutive. The expression of her countenance, when
animated, is highly intellectual. Her dress is usually plain, not even
neat
——
Miss Bogart has been for many years before the public as a writer of poems and tales (principally the former) for the periodicals, having made her debût as a contributor to the original "New York Mirror." Doctor Griswold, in a foot-note appended to one of her poems quoted in his "Poets and Poetry," speaks of the "volume" from which he quotes; but Miss Bogart has not yet collected her writings in volume form. Her fugitive pieces have usually been signed "Estelle." They are noticeable for nerve, dignity and finish. Perhaps the four stanzas entitled "He came too Late," and introduced into Dr. Griswold's compilation, are the most favorable specimen of her manner. Had he not quoted them I should have copied them here.
Miss Bogart is a member of one of the oldest families in the state. An interesting sketch of her progenitors is to be found in Thompson's "History of Long Island." She is about the medium height, straight and slender; black hair and eyes; countenance full of vivacity and intelligence. She converses with fluency and spirit, enunciates distinctly, and exhibits interest in whatever is addressed to her — a rare quality in good talkers; has a keen appreciation of genius and of natural scenery; is cheerful and fond of society.
——
Miss Sedgwick is not only one of our most celebrated and most meritorious writers, but attained reputation at a period when American reputation in letters was regarded as a phenomenon; and thus, like Irving, Cooper, Paulding, Bryant, Halleck, and one or two others, she is indebted, certainly, for some portion of the esteem in which she was and is held, to that patriotic pride and gratitude to which I have already alluded, and for which we must make reasonable allowance in estimating the absolute merit of our literary pioneers.
Her earliest published work of any length
was
"A New England Tale," designed in the first place as a religious tract,
but expanding itself into a volume of considerable size. Its
success
— partially owing, perhaps, to the influence of the parties for whom or
at whose instigation it was written — encouraged the author to attempt
a novel of
Miss Sedgwick has now and then been nicknamed "the Miss Edgeworth of America ;" but she has done nothing to bring down upon her the vengeance of so equivocal a title. That she has thoroughly studied and profoundly admired Miss Edgeworth may, indeed, be gleaned from her works — but what woman has not ? Of imitation there is not the slightest perceptible taint. In both authors we observe the same tone of thoughtful morality, but here all resemblance ceases. In the Englishwoman there is far more of a certain Scotch prudence, in the American more of warmth, tenderness, sympathy for the weaknesses of her sex. Miss Edgeworth is the more acute, the more inventive and the more rigid. Miss Sedgwick is the more womanly.
All her stories are full of interest.
The "New England Tale" and "Hope Leslie" are especially so, but upon
the
whole I am best pleased with "The Linwoods." Its prevailing features
are
ease, purity of style, pathos, and verisimilitude. To plot it has
little pretension. The scene is in America, and, as the sub-title
indicates, "Sixty years since." This, by-the-by, is taken from
"Waverley."
The adventures of the family of a Mr. Linwood, a resident of New York,
form the principal theme. The character of this gentleman is
happily
drawn, although there is an antagonism between the initial and
concluding
touches — the end has forgotten the beginning, like the government of
Trinculo.
Mr. L. has two children, Herbert and Isabella. Being himself a
Tory,
the boyish impulses of his son in favor of the revolutionists are
watched
with anxiety and vexation; and on the breaking out of the war, Herbert,
positively refusing to drink the king's health, is expelled from home
by
his father — an event on which hinges the main interest of the
narrative.
Isabella is the heroine proper, full of generous impulses, beautiful,
intellectual,
spirituelle
— indeed, a most fascinating creature. But the family of a
Widow
Lee
I have already alluded to her usual excellence of style; but she has a very peculiar fault — that of discrepancy between the words and character of the speaker — the fault, indeed, more properly belongs to the depicting of character itself.
For example, at page 38, vol. 1, of "The Linwoods: " —
" 'No more of my contempt for the Yankees, Hal, an' thou lovest me," replied Jasper. "You remember Æsop's advice to Crœsus at the Persian court ? ' [["]]
" 'No, I am sure I do not. You have the most provoking way of resting the lever by which you bring out your own knowledge, on your friend's ignorance.' "
Now all this is pointed, (although the last sentence would have been improved by letting the words "on your friend's ignorance" come immediately after "resting,") but it is by no means the language of schoolboys — and such are the speakers.
Again, at page 226, vol. 1, of the same novel: —
" 'Now, out on you, you
lazy,
slavish loons !' cried Rose. 'Cannot you see these men are raised
up to fight for freedom for more than themselves ? If the
chain
be broken at one end, the links will fall apart sooner or later.
When you see the sun on the mountain top, you may be sure it will shine
into the deepest valleys before
Who would suppose this graceful eloquence
to
Again, at page 24, vol. 1, same novel : —
" 'True, I never saw her; but I tell you, young lad, that there is such a thing as seeing the shadow of things far distant and past, and never seeing the realities, though they it be that cast the shadows.' ''
Here the speaker is an old woman who, a few sentences before, has been boasting of her proficiency in "tellin' fortins."
I might object, too, very decidedly to the vulgarity of such a phrase as "I put in my oar," (meaning, "I joined in the conversation,") when proceeding from the mouth of so well-bred a personage as Miss Isabella Linwood. These are, certainly, most remarkable inadvertences.
As the author of many books — of several absolutely bound volumes in the ordinary "novel" form of auld lang syne, Miss Sedgwick has a certain adventitious hold upon the attention of the public, a species of tenure that has nothing to do with literature proper — a very decided advantage, in short, over her more modern rivals whom fashion and the growing influence of the want of an international copyright law have condemned to the external insignificance of the yellow-backed pamphleteering.
We must permit, however, neither this advantage nor the more obvious one of her having been one of our pioneers, to bias the critical judgment as it makes estimate of her abilities in comparison with those of her present cotemporaries. She has neither the vigor of Mrs. Stephens nor the vivacious grace of Miss Chubbuck, nor the pure style of Mrs. Embury, nor the classic imagination of Mrs. Child, nor the naturalness of Mrs. Annan, nor the thoughtful and suggestive originality of Miss Fuller; but in many of the qualities mentioned she excels, and in no one of them is she particularly deficient. She is an author of marked talent, but by no means of such decided genius as would entitle her to that precedence among our female writers which, under the circumstances to which I have alluded, seems to be yielded her by the voice of the public.
Strictly speaking, Miss Sedgwick is not one of the literati of New York city, but she passes here about half or rather more than half her time. Her home is Stockbridge, Massachusetts. Her family is one of the first in America. Her father, Theodore Sedgwick the elder, was an eminent jurist and descended from one of Cromwell's major-generals. Many of her relatives have distinguished themselves in various ways.
She is about the medium height, perhaps a
little
below it. Her forehead is an unusually fine one; nose of a
slightly
Roman curve; eyes dark and piercing; mouth well-formed and remarkably
pleasant
in its expression. The portrait in "Graham's Magazine" is by no
means
a likeness, and, although the hair is represented as curled, (Miss
Sedgwick
Her manners are those of a high-bred woman, but her ordinary manner vacillates, in a singular way, between cordiality and a reserve amounting to hauteur.
——
Mr. Clark is known principally as the twin brother of the late Willis Gaylord Clark, the poet, of Philadelphia, with whom he has often been confounded from similarity both of person and of name. He is known, also, within a more limited circle, as one of the editors of "The Knickerbocker Magazine," and it is in this latter capacity that I must be considered as placing him among literary people. He writes little himself, the editorial scraps which usually appear in fine type at the end of "The Knickerbocker" being the joint composition of a great variety of gentlemen (most of them possessing shrewdness and talent) connected with diverse journals about the city of New York. It is only in some such manner, as might be supposed, that so amusing and so heterogeneous a medley of chit-chat could be put together. Were a little more pains taken in elevating the tone of this "Editors' Table," (which its best friends are forced to admit is at present a little Boweryish,) I should have no hesitation in commending it in general as a very creditable and very entertaining specimen of what may be termed easy writing and hard reading.
It is not, of course, to be understood from anything I have here said, that Mr. Clark does not occasionally contribute editorial matter to the magazine. His compositions, however, are far from numerous, and are always to be distinguished by their style, which is more "easily to be imagined than described." It has its merit, beyond doubt, but I shall not undertake to say that either "vigor," "force" or "impressiveness" is the precise term by which that merit should be designated. Mr. Clark once did me the honor to review my poems, and — I forgive him.
"The Knickerbocker" has been long
established,
and seems to have in it some important elements of success. Its
title,
for a merely local one, is unquestionably good. Its contributors
have usually been men of eminence. Washington Irving was at one
period
regularly engaged. Paulding, Bryant, Neal, and several others of nearly
equal note have also at various times furnished articles, although none
of these gentlemen, I believe, continue their communications. In
general, the contributed matter has been praiseworthy; the printing,
paper,
and so forth, have been excellent, and there certainly has been no lack
of exertion in the way of what is termed "putting the work before the
eye
of the public;" still some incomprehensible incubus has seemed
What is the precise circulation of "The Knickerbocker" at present I am unable to say; it has been variously stated at from eight to eighteen hundred subscribers. The former estimate is no doubt too low, and the latter, I presume, is far too high. There are, perhaps, some fifteen hundred copies printed.
At the period of his brother's decease, Mr. Lewis G. Clark bore to him a striking resemblance, but within the last year or two there has been much alteration in the person of the editor of the "Knickerbocker." He is now, perhaps, forty-two or three, but still good-looking. His forehead is, phrenologically, bad — round and what is termed "bullety." The mouth, however, is much better, although the smile is too constant and lacks expression; the teeth are white and regular. His hair and whiskers are dark, the latter meeting voluminously beneath the chin. In height Mr. C. is about five feet ten or eleven, and in the street might be regarded as quite a "personable man;" in society I have never had the pleasure of meeting him. He is married, I believe.
——
Miss Anne Charlotte Lynch has written little; — her compositions are even too few to be collected in volume form. Her prose has been, for the most part, anonymous — critical papers in "The New York Mirror" and elsewhere, with unacknowledged contributions to the annuals, especially "The Gift," and "The Diadem," both of Philadelphia. Her "Diary of a Recluse," published in the former work, is, perhaps, the best specimen of her prose manner and ability. I remember, also, a fair critique on Fanny Kemble's poems; — this appeared in "The Democratic Review."
In poetry, however, she has done better,
and
given evidence of at least unusual talent. Some of her
compositions
in this way are of merit, and one or two of excellence. In the
former
class I place her "Bones in the Desert," published in "The Opal " for
1846,
her "Farewell to Ole Bull," first printed in "The Tribune," and one or
two of her sonnets — not forgetting some graceful and
In character Miss Lynch is enthusiastic, chivalric, self-sacrificing, "equal to any Fate," capable of even martyrdom in whatever should seem to her a holy cause — a most exemplary daughter. She has her hobbies, however, (of which a very indefinite idea of "duty" is one,) and is, of course, readily imposed upon by any artful person who perceives and takes advantage of this most amiable failing.
In person she is rather above the usual height, somewhat slender, with dark hair and eyes — the whole countenance at times full of intelligent expression. Her demeanor is dignified, graceful, and noticeable for repose. She goes much into literary society.
[Editors' Book Table: "We hear of some complaints having been made by those writers who have already been noticed by Mr. Poe. Some of the ladies have suggested that the publisher has something to do with them. This we positively deny, and we as positively assert that they are published as written by Mr. Poe, without any alteration or suggestion from us" (Godey's Lady's Book, p. 144, column 1.)]
~~~ End of Text ~~~
[S:1 - Godey's, 1846]