Text-01 — “Al Aaraaf” — 1829, no original manuscript or fragments are known to exist
(but this version is presumably recorded in Text-02) (The manuscript was apparently shown to William Gwynn prior to May 18, 1829, as
Gwynn printed excerpts in his Federal Gazette and Baltimore Daily Advertiser, on that date. Long afterwards, at the
dedication of the Poe Monument in 1875, J. H. B. Latrobe recalled that
Gwynn had shown him “the neat manuscript of a poem called ‘Al Aaraaf,’ which he spoke of as indicative of a
tendency to anything but the business of matter of fact life.” The manuscript was also shown to William Wirt, who found it to
be too “modern” for his tastes, as he said in a letter written to Poe on
May 11, 1829. Poe sent the manuscript for “Al Aaraaf” to Isaac Lea about May
11-27, 1829. He wrote to the firm of Carey, Lea and Carey on July 28, 1829, requesting the
return of the manuscript. That letter was delivered by hand, with the instructions to give the manuscripts to the bearer of the
letter, which was presumably done. However they were returned, Poe had the manuscripts back in his possession prior to November 18,
1829, when he wrote to John Allan that “The Poems will be printed by Hatch & Dunning
of this city upon terms advantageous to me.” Poe probably took a copy of the book when he visted Richmond in January 1830, and
gave or showed it to John Allan in this form rather than as a manuscript. Having had the poems set in type for the book, Poe appears
to have sent the manuscripts for “Al Aaraaf,” “Tamerlane” “To” (“Should my early life
seem”) and “Fairyland” to John Neal, who printed exerpts. Neal may have returned the manuscripts as portions of
“Tamerlane” and “To” were retained by L. A. Wilmer. Poe subsequently sent the manuscript of
“Fairyland” to N. P. Willis of the American Monthly, who says, with some relish, that he burned them. It is
possible that the manuscript of “Al Aaraaf,” met the same fate, as it does not appear that it was among the manuscript
collection in Wilmer’s possession. Alternatively, Wilmer or his descendants may have had the manuscript but gave it away as an
autograph, as appears to have happened with a few of the shorter poems. Unfortunately, if it did survive, there is no subsequent
record of the “Al Aaraaf” manuscript. Being lost, it must be presumed that the text is reflected in Text-02. The
manuscript has never been described, but based on the other suviving pages of the Wilmer collection, it was written on off-white
sheets of paper, using dark brown ink and a careful script. The length of the poem indicates that it would have been written across
a series of separate pages, with odd pages numbered in the upper right corner and even ones in the upper left corner. At this point,
Poe had not yet adopted the style of printing in imitation of type, nor the practice of connecting pages by using wax to form a
roll.)
Text-02 — “Al Aaraaf” — 1829 — ATMP
— (Mabbott text C) (This is the first full text)
Text-03 — “Al Aaraaf” — 1830-1831 — (speculated revision of the poem, in
preparation for the publication of POEMS. As a very long poem, it does not seem that Poe wrote out a fully new manuscript.
Instead, it is likely that he created a revised draft by combining existing pages from the poem as it was printed in ATMP
with additional bits of manuscript for substantially new material, particularly at the beginning. This draft, as well as
preparations for other poems that appeared in the new edition, probably resulted in Poe using up his own copy of ATMP. This
draft has not survived, but is presumably recorded in Text-04. Additonal minor changes may have been made in proof. during the
production of POEMS.)
Text-04 — “Al Aaraaf” — 1831 — POEMS
— (Mabbott text E) (with substantial revisions, which were essentially abandoned in the subsequent printing, although at
least one verbal change of “ventur’d” to “peered” reappears in the 1845 text, perhaps from memory or
as a reiteration of a personal preference brought out again at the opportunity to edit the text for publication.)
Text-05 — “Al Aaraaf” — 1845 — manuscript
changes in ATMP-EH in preparation for RAOP — (Mabbott text J)
Text-06 — “[The Messenger Star]” — October 1845
— additional manuscript changes in ATMP in preparation for the reading in Boston — (Mabbott text J2)
Text-07 — “Al Aaraaf” — about September-November 1845 — (Speculated manuscript
changes made by Poe to the proof-sheets during the typesetting process for RAOP. Although we have no specific statement that
Poe saw such proof-sheets, the idea seems eminently likely as the book was prepared and printed in New York while Poe was still
working at the Broadway Journal. He would certainly have availed himself of the opportunity to do so, and because he could do
everything in person there was no need for correspondence that would have provided us with the certain documentation of the fact.
Most of the changes are in punctuation, but there are several verbal changes, including a fully new footnote, that strongly suggest
the hand of the author himself. A few changes made in ATMP-EH do not appear in the 1845 printing, with the original text of
1829 being used instead. These proof-pages have not themselves survived, but the texts are presumably reflected in Text-08.)
Text-08 — “Al Aaraaf” — 1845 — RAOP
— (Mabbott text K) (This is Mabbott’s copytext) (Poe made no changes to this poem in the J. Lorimer Graham
copy of RAOP-JLG, suggesting that he was either happy with that text as a final form or, perhaps more likely, that he saw no
chance of republishing such a long poem, and one that had garnered so little attention.) (For Griswold’s 1850 reprinting of this text, see the entry below, under reprints.)
Manuscripts and Authorized Printings (extracts):
“Al Aaraaf” — May 18, 1829 — of excerpts only —
Federal Gazette and Baltimore Daily Advertiser (Baltimore, MD) (Mabbott text A)
“Al Aaraaf” — December 1829 —
of excerpts only — Yankee and Boston Literary Gazette (Mabbott text B)
“Al Aaraaf” — December 29, 1829 — lines
130-131 only, manuscript letter with extract — (Mabbott text D)
“[Al Aaraaf]” — 1837 — two lines excerpted as
the motto, in “Siope,” The Baltimore Book for 1838 — (not noted by Mabbott, no variants except the use of
italics for one word, and minor issues of punctuation)
“Spirit’s Invocation” — February 25 and March 4, 1843 — Saturday
Museum (excerpts only, as part of a biographical article about Poe.) — (Mabbott text F) (Poe sent
two copies of this article to J. R. Lowell, one on October 19, 1843 and a second on May 28, 1844. In both cases, he appears to have done so for the purpose of providing Lowell
with some biographical material to use for his article on Poe for Graham’s Magazine. There is no indication that any of
the poems in these copies had modifications made by Poe. Lowell did print an excerpt of one of these selections in his article of
1845, although assigning his own title.)
“Ligeia” — February 1845 —
excerpt only, Graham’s (This excerpt from “Al Aaraaf” appears in Lowell’s article on Poe) —
(Mabbott text G)
“ Al Aaraaf” — May 24, 1845 — excerpts
only, Broadway Journal — (Mabbott text H)
“ Al Aaraaf” — November- December 1846 —
extracts in “The Rationale of Verse,” manuscript fragments — (Mabbott text L)
“ Al Aaraaf” — October 1848 — extracts in
“The Rationale of Verse,” Southern Literary Messenger — (Mabbott text M)
“ Al Aaraaf” — 1849 — extracts in “A
Reviewer Reviewed,” manuscript — (Mabbott text N)
Reprints:
“Al Aaraaf” — 1830 — Baltimore Minerva and Emerald (excerpts, printed as part of
a review of ATMP)
“Al Aaraaf” — November 4, 1845 — Boston Daily Star, p. 4 (reprint noted by
Ljundquist, p. 206-208, item 7.)
“Al Aaraaf” — November 5, 1845 — Boston Daily Star, p. 4 (reprint noted by
Ljundquist, p. 208, item 8.)
“Al Aaraaf” — November 6, 1845 — Boston Daily Star, p. 4 (reprint noted by
Ljundquist, p. 208, item 9.)
“Al Aaraaf” — 1850 — WORKS
— Griswold merely reprints the text from the stereo-plates of Text-08 (Mabbott text P)
“Al Aaraaf” — 1875 — The Works
of Edgar Allan Poe, vol 3: Poems and Essays, ed. J. H. Ingram, Edinburgh, Adam and Charles Black (3:62-76)
Reprints (extracts):
“Al Aaraaf” — 1850 — extracts in “The
Rationale of Verse,” WORKS — Griswold reprints the SLM text of this essay (Mabbott Text Q)
“Spirit Invocation” — 1850 —
Thomas Powell, The Living Writers of America, New York: Stringer and Townsend, 1850, pp. 116-117. These excerpts from
“Al Aaraaf” were probably reprinted from the Saturday Museum, which carries the title and essentially the same
excerpts used)
Scholarly and Noteworthy Reprints (full text):
“Al Aaraaf” — 1894-1895 — The
Works of Edgar Allan Poe, vol. 10: Poems, ed. E. C. Stedman and G. E. Woodberry, Chicago: Stone and Kimball (10:107-120, and
10:217-223)
“Al Aaraaf” — 1902 — The
Complete Works of Edgar Allan Poe, vol. 7: Poems, ed. J. A. Harrison, New York: T. Y. Crowell (7:23-39, and 7:157-163)
“Al Aaraaf” — 1911 — The Complete
Poems of Edgar Allan Poe, ed. J. H. Whitty, Boston and New York: Houghton Mifflin Co. (pp. 99-115, and pp. 266-268)
“Al Aaraaf” — 1917 — The Poems
of Edgar Allan Poe, ed. Killis Campbell, Boston: Ginn and Company (pp. 34-48, and pp. 171-192)
“Al Aaraaf” — 1965 — The Poems of Edgar Allan Poe, ed. Floyd Stovall,
Charlottesville: The University Press of Virginia (pp. 25-40, and pp. 188-202)
“Al Aaraaf” — 1969 — The
Collected Works of Edgar Allan Poe, vol. 1: Poems, ed. T. O. Mabbott, Cambridge: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press
(1:92-127) (Mabbott prints the 1831 introductory portion as “Mysterious Star”)
“Mysterious Star” — 1969 — The
Collected Works of Edgar Allan Poe, vol. 1: Poems, ed. T. O. Mabbott, Cambridge: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press
(1:159-160) (Mabbott prints the 1831 introductory portion as “Mysterious Star”)
“Al Aaraaf” — 1984 — Edgar Allan Poe: Poetry and Tales, ed. Patrick F. Quinn (New
York: Library of America) (pp. 38-52) (reprints Text-06)
“Mysterious Star!” — 1984 — Edgar Allan Poe: Poetry and Tales, ed. Patrick F.
Quinn (New York: Library of America) (pp. 52-53) (reprints the revised elements of Text-03, with a new title assigned by the editor)
“Al Aaraaf” — Comparative Text
(ATMP, ATMP-EH and RAOP)
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Associated Material and Special Versions:
Miscellaneous Texts and Related Items:
“Al Aaraaf” — dated 2009, but available in late 2008 — Poèmes d‘Edgar
Allan Poe, Paris: Publibook (translation by Jean Hautepierre)
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Bibliography:
Cairns, William B., “Some Notes on Poe’s ‘Al Aaraaf ’,” Modern
Philology, May 1915, 13:35-44
Church, Henry W. and Hervey Allen, “Poe and Nature,” Saturday Review of Literature, April 6,
1935, 11:598
De Prospo, R. C., “Poe’s Alpha Poem: The Title of ‘Al Aaraaf ’,” Poe
Studies, 1989, 22:34-39
Hayes, Kevin, “A New Source for Poe’s ‘Al Aaraaf’,” Notes & Queries
(London), September 2009, vol. 56, no. 3, pp. 391-392
Heartman, Charles F. and James R. Canny, A Bibliography of First Printings of the Writings of Edgar Allan Poe,
Hattiesburg, MS: The Book Farm, 1943.
Ljundquist, Kent P., Victorian Periodicals Review, Fall 1995
Mabbott, Thomas Ollive, “Al Aaraaf,’ Part II, 1-8,” Explicator, November 1957, vol. 16,
no. 4
Mabbott, Thomas Ollive, ed., The Collected Works of Edgar Allan Poe (Vol 1 Poems), Cambridge,
Mass.: The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 1969.
Pettigrew, Richard C. and Marie M., “A Reply to Floyd Stovall’s Interpretation of ‘Al
Aaraaf ’,” American Literature, January 1937, 8:439-445
Pollin, Burton R., “Poe’s ‘sonnet — To Zante’: Sources and Associations,”
Comparative Literature Studies, September 1968, 5:303-315
Stovall, Floyd, “An Interpretation of Poe’s ‘Al Aaraaf‘,” University of Texas
Studies in English, 1929, 9:106-133
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[S:0 - JAS] - Edgar Allan Poe Society of Baltimore - Works - Poems - Al Aaraaf