Text-02a — “Al Aaraaf” — 1829, no original manuscript or
fragments are known to exist (but this version is presumably recorded in Text-02b. The manuscript was
apparently shown to William Gwynn prior to May 18, 1829, as Gwynn printed excerpts in his Federal Gazette
and Baltimore Daily Advertiser, on that date. Long afterwards, at the dedication of the Poe Monument in
1875, J. H. B. Latrobe recalled that Gwynn had shown
him “the neat manuscript of a poem called ‘Al Aaraaf,’ which he spoke of as indicative of a
tendency to anything but the business of matter of fact life.” The manuscript was also shown to William
Wirt, who found it to be too “modern” for his tastes, as he said in a letter written to Poe on May 11, 1829. Poe sent the manuscript for “Al Aaraaf” to Isaac Lea about May
11-27, 1829. He wrote to the firm of Carey, Lea and Carey on July 28,
1829, requesting the return of the manuscript. That letter was delivered by hand, with the instructions to
give the manuscripts to the bearer of the letter, which was presumably done. However they were returned, Poe
had the manuscripts back in his possession prior to November 18, 1829, when he wrote to John Allan that “The Poems will be printed by Hatch &
Dunning of this city upon terms advantageous to me.” Poe probably took a copy of the book when he visted
Richmond in January 1830, and gave or showed it to John Allan in this form rather than as a manuscript. Having
had the poems set in type for the book, Poe appears to have sent the manuscripts for “Al Aaraaf,”
“Tamerlane” “To” (“Should my early life seem”) and “Fairyland”
to John Neal, who printed exerpts. Neal may have returned the manuscripts as portions of
“Tamerlane” and “To” were retained by L. A. Wilmer. Poe subsequently sent the
manuscript of “Fairyland” to N. P. Willis of the American Monthly, who says, with some
relish, that he burned them. It is possible that the manuscript of “Al Aaraaf,” met the same fate,
as it does not appear that it was among the manuscript collection in Wilmer's possession. Alternatively,
Wilmer or his descendants may have had the manuscript but gave it away as an autograph, as appears to have
happened with a few of the shorter poems. Unfortunately, if it did survive, there is no subsequent record of
the “Al Aaraaf” manuscript. Being lost, it must be presumed that the text is reflected in Text-02.
The manuscript has never been described, but based on the other suviving pages of the Wilmer collection, it
was written on off-white sheets of paper, using dark brown ink and a careful script. The length of the poem
indicates that it would have been written across a series of separate pages, with odd pages numbered in the
upper right corner and even ones in the upper left corner. At this point, Poe had not yet adopted the style of
printing in imitation of type, nor the practice of connecting pages by using wax to form a roll.)
Text-02b — “Al Aaraaf” — 1829
— ATMP — (Mabbott text C) (This is the first full text)
Text-03a — “Al Aaraaf” — 1830-1831 — (speculated revision
of the poem, in preparation for the publication of POEMS. As a very long poem, it does not seem that
Poe wrote out a fully new manuscript. Instead, it is likely that he created a revised draft by combining
existing pages from the poem as it was printed in ATMP with additional bits of manuscript for
substantially new material, particularly at the beginning. This draft, as well as preparations for other poems
that appeared in the new edition, probably resulted in Poe using up his own copy of ATMP. This draft
has not survived, but is presumably recorded in Text-04. Additonal minor changes may have been made in proof.
during the production of POEMS.)
Text-03b — “Al Aaraaf” — 1831
— POEMS — (Mabbott text E) (with substantial revisions, which were essentially
abandoned in the subsequent printing, although at least one verbal change of “ventur’d” to
“peered” reappears in the 1845 text, perhaps from memory or as a reiteration of a personal
preference brought out again at the opportunity to edit the text for publication.)
Text-04a — “Al Aaraaf” — 1845
— manuscript changes in ATMP-EH in preparation for RAOP — (Mabbott text J)
Text-04b — “[The Messenger Star]”
— October 1845 — additional manuscript changes in ATMP in preparation for the reading in
Boston — (Mabbott text J2)
Text-04c — “Al Aaraaf” — about September-November 1845 —
(Speculated manuscript changes made by Poe to the proof-sheets during the typesetting process for RAOP.
Although we have no specific statement that Poe saw such proof-sheets, the idea seems eminently likely as the
book was prepared and printed in New York while Poe was still working at the Broadway Journal. He would
certainly have availed himself of the opportunity to do so, and because he could do everything in person there
was no need for correspondence that would have provided us with the certain documentation of the fact. Most of
the changes are in punctuation, but there are several verbal changes, including a fully new footnote, that
strongly suggest the hand of the author himself. A few changes made in ATMP-EH do not appear in the
1845 printing, with the original text of 1829 being used instead. These proof-pages have not themselves
survived, but the texts are presumably reflected in Text-04d.)
Text-04d — “Al Aaraaf” — 1845
— RAOP — (Mabbott text K — This is Mabbott's copytext) (Poe made no changes
to this poem in the J. Lorimer Graham copy of RAOP-JLG, suggesting that he was either happy with that
text as a final form or, perhaps more likely, that he saw no chance of republishing such a long poem, and one
that had garnered so little attention. For Griswold's 1850 reprinting of this text,
see the entry below, under reprints.)
Manuscripts and Authorized Printings (extracts):
“Al Aaraaf” — May 18, 1829 — of
excerpts only — Federal Gazette and Baltimore Daily Advertiser (Baltimore, MD) (Mabbott text A)
“Al Aaraaf” —
December 1829 — of excerpts only — Yankee and Boston Literary Gazette (Mabbott text B)
“Al Aaraaf” — December 29, 1829
— lines 130-131 only, manuscript letter with extract — (Mabbott text D)
“[Al Aaraaf]” —
about May 1830 — unidentified Baltimore newspaper (reprint of a two excerpts from the poem, from
ATMP in a short review)
“[Al Aaraaf]” — 1837 — two
lines excerpted as the motto, in “Siope,” The Baltimore Book for 1838 — (not noted by
Mabbott, no variants except the use of italics for one word, and minor issues of punctuation)
“Spirit's Invocation” — February 25 and March 4, 1843 —
Saturday Museum (excerpts only, as part of a biographical article about Poe.) —
(Mabbott text F) (Poe sent two copies of this article to J. R. Lowell, one on October 19, 1843 and a second on May 28,
1844. In both cases, he appears to have done so for the purpose of providing Lowell with some biographical
material to use for his article on Poe for Graham's Magazine. There is no indication that any of the
poems in these copies had modifications made by Poe. Lowell did print an excerpt of one of these selections in his
article of 1845, although assigning his own title.)
“Ligeia” — February
1845 — excerpt only, Graham's (This excerpt from “Al Aaraaf” appears in
Lowell's article on Poe) — (Mabbott text G)
“ Al Aaraaf” — May 24, 1845
— excerpts only, Broadway Journal — (Mabbott text H)
“ Al Aaraaf” — November-
December 1846 — extracts in “The Rationale of Verse,” manuscript fragments — (Mabbott
text L)
“ Al Aaraaf” — October 1848
— extracts in “The Rationale of Verse,” Southern Literary Messenger — (Mabbott
text M)
“ Al Aaraaf” — 1849 —
extracts in “A Reviewer Reviewed,” manuscript — (Mabbott text N)
Reprints:
“Al Aaraaf” — 1830 — Baltimore Minerva and Emerald (excerpts,
printed as part of a review of ATMP)
“Al Aaraaf” — November 4, 1845 — Boston Daily Star, p. 4
(reprint noted by Ljundquist, p. 206-208, item 7.)
“Al Aaraaf” — November 5, 1845 — Boston Daily Star, p. 4
(reprint noted by Ljundquist, p. 208, item 8.)
“Al Aaraaf” — November 6, 1845 — Boston Daily Star, p. 4
(reprint noted by Ljundquist, p. 208, item 9.)
“Al Aaraaf” — 1850 —
WORKS — (Mabbott text P) (Griswold merely reprints the text from the stereo-plates of
Text-04d.)
“Al Aaraaf” — 1875
— The Works of Edgar Allan Poe, vol 3: Poems and Essays, ed. J. H. Ingram, Edinburgh, Adam and
Charles Black (3:62-76)
Reprints (extracts):
“Al Aaraaf” — 1850 —
extracts in “The Rationale of Verse,” WORKS — Griswold reprints the SLM text of
this essay (Mabbott Text Q)
“Spirit Invocation” —
1850 — Thomas Powell, The Living Writers of America, New York: Stringer and Townsend, 1850, pp.
116-117. These excerpts from “Al Aaraaf” were probably reprinted from the Saturday Museum,
which carries the title and essentially the same excerpts used)
Scholarly and Noteworthy Reprints (full text):
“Al Aaraaf” — 1894-1895
— The Works of Edgar Allan Poe, vol. 10: Poems, ed. E. C. Stedman and G. E. Woodberry, Chicago: Stone
and Kimball (10:107-120, and 10:217-223)
“Al Aaraaf” — 1902
— The Complete Works of Edgar Allan Poe, vol. 7: Poems, ed. J. A. Harrison, New York: T. Y. Crowell
(7:23-39, and 7:157-163)
“Al Aaraaf” — 1911
— The Complete Poems of Edgar Allan Poe, ed. J. H. Whitty, Boston and New York: Houghton Mifflin Co.
(pp. 99-115, and pp. 266-268)
“Al Aaraaf” — 1917
— The Poems of Edgar Allan Poe, ed. Killis Campbell, Boston: Ginn and Company (pp. 34-48, and pp.
171-192)
“Al Aaraaf” — 1965 — The Poems of Edgar Allan Poe, ed. Floyd
Stovall, Charlottesville: The University Press of Virginia (pp. 25-40, and pp. 188-202)
“Al Aaraaf” — 1969
— The Collected Works of Edgar Allan Poe, vol. 1: Poems, ed. T. O. Mabbott, Cambridge: Belknap Press
of Harvard University Press (1:92-127) (Mabbott prints the 1831 introductory portion as “Mysterious
Star”)
“Mysterious Star” —
1969 — The Collected Works of Edgar Allan Poe, vol. 1: Poems, ed. T. O. Mabbott, Cambridge: Belknap
Press of Harvard University Press (1:159-160) (Mabbott prints the 1831 introductory portion as
“Mysterious Star”)
“Al Aaraaf” — 1984 — Edgar Allan Poe: Poetry and Tales, ed.
Patrick F. Quinn (New York: Library of America) (pp. 38-52) (reprints Text-06)
“Mysterious Star!” — 1984 — Edgar Allan Poe: Poetry and Tales,
ed. Patrick F. Quinn (New York: Library of America) (pp. 52-53) (reprints the revised elements of Text-03, with a
new title assigned by the editor)
“Al Aaraaf” — Comparative
Text (ATMP, ATMP-EH and RAOP)
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Associated Material and Special Versions:
Miscellaneous Texts and Related Items:
“Al Aaraaf” — dated 2009, but available in late 2008 —
Poèmes d‘Edgar Allan Poe, Paris: Publibook (translation by Jean Hautepierre)
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Bibliography:
Cairns, William B., “Some Notes on Poe's ‘Al Aaraaf ’,”
Modern Philology, May 1915, 13:35-44
Church, Henry W. and Hervey Allen, “Poe and Nature,” Saturday Review of
Literature, April 6, 1935, 11:598
De Prospo, R. C., “Poe's Alpha Poem: The Title of ‘Al
Aaraaf ’,” Poe Studies, 1989, 22:34-39
Hayes, Kevin, “A New Source for Poe's ‘Al Aaraaf’,” Notes
& Queries (London), September 2009, vol. 56, no. 3, pp. 391-392
Heartman, Charles F. and James R. Canny, A Bibliography of First Printings of the Writings of
Edgar Allan Poe, Hattiesburg, MS: The Book Farm, 1943.
Ljundquist, Kent P., Victorian Periodicals Review, Fall 1995
Mabbott, Thomas Ollive, “Al Aaraaf,’ Part II, 1-8,” Explicator,
November 1957, vol. 16, no. 4
Mabbott, Thomas Ollive, ed., The Collected Works of Edgar Allan Poe (Vol 1
Poems), Cambridge, Mass.: The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 1969.
Pettigrew, Richard C. and Marie M., “A Reply to Floyd Stovall's Interpretation of
‘Al Aaraaf ’,” American Literature, January 1937, 8:439-445
Pollin, Burton R., “Poe's ‘sonnet — To Zante’: Sources and
Associations,” Comparative Literature Studies, September 1968, 5:303-315
Stovall, Floyd, “An Interpretation of Poe's ‘Al Aaraaf‘,”
University of Texas Studies in English, 1929, 9:106-133
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[S:0 - JAS] - Edgar Allan Poe Society of Baltimore - Works - Poems - Al Aaraaf